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1978 Sikh-Nirankari clashes
Violent clashes occurred between orthodox Sikhs and followers of Sant Nirankari Mission on 13 April 1978 at Amritsar, Punjab, India. Sixteen people—thirteen orthodox Sikhs and three Nirankari followers—were killed in the ensuing violence. Clashes occurred when some Akhand Kirtani Jatha and Damdami Taksal members led by Fauja Singh protested against and tried to stop a convention of Sant Nirankari Mission followers. This incident is considered to be a starting point in the events leading to Operation Blue Star and the 1980s insurgency in Punjab.
==Background==
Nirankari, a reformist movement within Sikhism, started in the 19th century. Their belief in a living guru as opposed to the scriptural guru Guru Granth Sahib resulted in their difference with orthodox Sikhs. In 1929, a break-way faction Sant Nirankari was formed by Avtar Singh, who announced himself to be a living Guru and an incarnation of Guru Nanak in the presence of Guru Granth Sahib, which escalated the tensions between them and Sikhs.〔 Sant Nirankari also adopted many variations of Sikh practices such as establishing Sat Sitare (seven stars) in line with the Panj Pyare. They were further accused by Sikhs of criticizing Sikhism and its Gurus using texts such as ''Avtar Bani'' and ''Yug Purash''. These tensions lead to their clashes with Sikh organizations mainly Damdami Taksal and Akhand Kirtni Jatha at many places in Punjab.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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